Rabies Vaccine: What You Need to Know
Why get vaccinated?
Rabies vaccine can prevent rabies.
Rabies is a serious illness that almost always results in death.
Rabies virus infects the central nervous system. Symptoms may occur from days to years after exposure to the
virus and include delirium (confusion), abnormal behavior, hallucinations, hydrophobia (fear of water), and
insomnia (difficulty sleeping), which precede coma and death.
People can get rabies if they have contact with the saliva or neural tissue of an infected animal, for
example through a bite or scratch, and do not receive appropriate medical care, including rabies vaccine.
Rabies vaccine
Certain people with a higher risk for rabies exposures, such as those who work with potentially infected
animals, are recommended to receive vaccine to help prevent rabies if an exposure happens. If you are at
higher risk of exposure to the rabies virus:
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You should receive 2 doses of rabies vaccine given on days 0 and 7.
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Depending on your level of risk, you may be advised to have one or more blood tests or receive a booster
dose within 3 years after the first 2 doses. Your health care provider can give you more details.
Rabies vaccine can prevent rabies if given to a person after an exposure. After an exposure or
potential exposure to rabies, the wound site should be thoroughly cleaned with soap and water. If your health
care provider or local health department recommend vaccination, the vaccine should be given as soon as
possible after an exposure but may be effective any time before symptoms begin. Once symptoms begin, rabies
vaccine is no longer helpful in preventing rabies.
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If you have not been vaccinated against rabies in the past, you need 4 doses of rabies vaccine over 2
weeks (given on days 0, 3, 7, and 14). You should also get another medication called rabies immunoglobulin
on the day you receive the first dose of rabies vaccine or soon afterwards.
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If you have received rabies vaccination in the past, you typically need only 2 doses of rabies vaccine
after an exposure.
Rabies vaccine may be given at the same time as other vaccines.
Talk with your health care provider
Tell your vaccination provider if the person getting the vaccine:
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Has had an allergic reaction after a previous dose of rabies vaccine, or has any severe,
life-threatening allergies
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Has a weakened immune system.
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Is taking or plans to take chloroquine or a drug related to chloroquine
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Has received rabies vaccine in the past (your provider will need to know when you received any
rabies vaccine doses in the past)
In some cases, your health care provider may decide to postpone routine (pre-exposure) rabies vaccination
until a future visit. Or your health care provider may perform a blood test before or after rabies vaccines
are given to determine your level of immunity against rabies.
People with minor illnesses, such as a cold, may be vaccinated. People who are moderately or severely ill
should usually wait until they recover before getting a routine (pre-exposure) dose of rabies vaccine. If
you have been exposed to rabies virus, you should get vaccinated regardless of concurrent illnesses,
pregnancy, breastfeeding, or weakened immune system.
Your health care provider can give you more information.
Risks of a vaccine reaction
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Soreness, redness, swelling, or itching at the site of the injection, and headache, nausea, abdominal
pain, muscle aches, or dizziness can happen after rabies vaccine.
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Hives, pain in the joints, or fever sometimes happen after booster doses.
People sometimes faint after medical procedures, including vaccination. Tell your provider if you feel dizzy
or have vision changes or ringing in the ears.
As with any medicine, there is a very remote chance of a vaccine causing a severe allergic reaction, other
serious injury, or death.
What if there is a serious problem?
An allergic reaction could occur after the vaccinated person leaves the clinic. If you see signs of a severe
allergic reaction (hives, swelling of the face and throat, difficulty breathing, a fast heartbeat, dizziness,
or weakness), call 9-1-1 and get the person to the nearest hospital.
For other signs that concern you, call your health care provider.
Adverse reactions should be reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Your health care
provider will usually file this report, or you can do it yourself. Visit the VAERS website at
www.vaers.hhs.gov or call 1-800-822-7967. VAERS is only for reporting reactions, and VAERS
staff members do not give medical advice.
How can I learn more?
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Ask your health care provider.
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Call your local or state health department.
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Visit the website of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for vaccine package inserts and additional
information at www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines.
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Contact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):
Vaccine Information Statement
Rabies Vaccine
6/02/2022
Department of Health and Human Services
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Many Vaccine Information Statements are available in Spanish and other languages. See
www.immunize.org/vis.
Hojas de información sobre vacunas están disponibles en español y en muchos otros idiomas. Visite
http://www.immunize.org/vis.
Care instructions adapted under license by your
healthcare professional. If you have questions about a medical condition or this instruction, always ask
your healthcare professional. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of
this information.